MySQL

安装MySQL

安装

运行以下命令，更新 yum 源。本操作以下载 MySQL 8.0 版本为例，如果想下载其他版本的 MySQL，请参见 MySQL官方文档
shell
```
sudo rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
```
1

运行以下命令，安装 MySQL。

shell

sudo yum -y install mysql-community-server --enablerepo=mysql80-community --nogpgcheck

运行以下命令，查看 MySQL 版本号。
shell
```
mysql -V
```
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返回结果如下，表示 MySQL 安装成功。
```
mysql  Ver 8.0.37 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
```
1

配置 MySQL

运行以下命令，启动并设置开机自启动 MySQL 服务。
shell
```
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
```
1
2
运行以下命令，获取并记录root用户的初始密码。
shell
```
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
```
1
执行命令结果示例如下。
shell
```
2024-05-08T12:30:43.708791Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: cL,0)wata8%B
```
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说明示例末尾的 cL,0)wata8%B 为初始密码，后续在对 MySQL 进行安全性配置时，需要使用该初始密码

运行以下命令，对 MySQL 进行安全性配置。

shell

sudo mysql_secure_installation

a. 根据提示信息，重置MySQL数据库root用户的密码。

说明在在输入密码时，系统为了最大限度地保证数据安全，命令行将不做任何回显。您只需要输入正确的密码信息，然后按Enter 键即可.

shell

Enter password for user root: #输入已获取的root用户初始密码

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password: #输入新的MySQL密码

Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码
The 'validate_password' component is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the component.
Using existing password for root.
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y选择更新MySQL密码。您也可以输入N不再更新MySQL密码。

New password: #输入新的MySQL密码

Re-enter new password: #重复输入新的MySQL密码

Estimated strength of the password: 100
Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y确认使用已设置的密码。

b. 根据提示信息，删除匿名用户。

shell

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除MySQL默认的匿名用户。
Success.

c. 禁止 root 账号远程登录

shell

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y禁止root远程登录。
Success.

d. 删除test库以及对test库的访问权限。

shell

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y删除test库以及对test库的访问权限。
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

e. 重新加载授权表。

shell

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :Y #输入Y重新加载授权表。
Success.

All done!

安全性配置的更多信息，请参见MySQL官方文档。

配置允许远程访问

建议使用非root账号远程登录MySQL数据库。将创建新的MySQL账号，用于远程访问MySQL。

运行以下命令后，输入root用户的密码登录MySQL。
shell
```
sudo mysql -uroot -p
```
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输入设置好的密码

依次运行以下命令，创建远程登录MySQL的账号，并允许远程主机使用该账号访问MySQL。本示例账号为demo、密码为Demo@123****。

shell

# 创建数据库用户dmsTest,并授予远程连接权限。
create user 'demo'@'%' identified by 'Demo@123****'; 
# 为dmsTest用户授权数据库所有权限。
grant all privileges on *.* to 'demo'@'%'; 
# 刷新权限。
flush privileges;

执行以下命令，退出数据库。
sql
```
exit
```
1
使用demo账号远程登录 MySQL

MySQL ​

安装MySQL ​

安装 ​

配置 MySQL ​

配置允许远程访问 ​

MySQL

安装MySQL

安装

配置 MySQL

配置允许远程访问